Expresión de Runx2 en Células Mesenquimáticas de la Membrana del Seno Maxilar y el Periostio Asociado
Implicancias Para la Osteogénesis en Procedimientos de Elevación Sinusal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62172/revfouba.n98.a328Palabras clave:
membrana sinusal, membrana de Schneider, células mesenquimáticas, Runx2, osteogénesisResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evidenciar, mediante la expresión del factor de transcripción Runx2, la presencia de células mesenquimáticas con capacidad de diferenciación hacia el linaje osteoprogenitor en la membrana de Schneider y el periostio asociado del seno maxilar. Se procesaron histológicamente los maxilares superiores de ratas Wistar macho de 7 semanas de edad, y sobre cortes coronales a la altura de los primeros molares superiores se realizaron tinciones con hematoxilina-eosina y tricrómico de Masson, e inmunomarcación para Runx2. Se realizó el análisis histológico de la mucosa del seno maxilar identificando células mesenquimáticas según criterios morfológicos y complementando su caracterización con la expresión nuclear de Runx2. En la lámina propia de la membrana de Schneider y en la capa interna del periostio asociado se identificaron numerosas células de morfología mesenquimática, dispuestas de manera difusa en el estroma subepitelial y con mayor densidad perivascular. La inmunomarcación reveló positividad nuclear para Runx2 en una subpoblación de estas células tanto en la lámina propia como en el periostio, con un patrón más constante en este último, mientras que el epitelio respiratorio y la capa fibrosa externa resultaron negativos. Estos hallazgos demuestran in vivo la presencia y localización de células mesenquimáticas con compromiso osteogénico en la membrana de Schneider y el periostio adyacente, aportando sustento biológico a la posible participación de la membrana sinusal en los procesos de regeneración ósea observados tras la elevación del seno maxilar.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Revista de la Facultad de Odontologia. Universidad de Buenos Aires
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