Actualización sobre el Síndrome de Eagle y sus Complicaciones Neurocardiológicas
Casos Clínicos
Palabras clave:
proceso estiloide, dolor cervicofacial crónico, síndrome de la arteria carótida, neuralgia del glosofaríngeo, cefaleaResumen
El síndrome de Eagle o síndrome estilohioideo o síndrome de la arteria carótida es un trastorno que se origina por la mineralización y elongación del proceso estiloides. Factores traumáticos agudos y crónicos, así como otras teorías, han sido propuestos para explicar la etiología y patogenia de esta alteración. El conjunto de síntomas puede incluir: dolor faríngeo, odinofagia, disfagia, cefalea, con irradiación a oreja y zona cervical. Si bien existen varias clasificaciones, de manera universal se acepta que existen principalmente dos formas de presentación de esta patología: el tipo I o clásico, generalmente asociado a un trauma faríngeo y acompañado de dolor en la zona faríngea y cervical, y el tipo II o carotídeo, que suele presentar molestia cervical, cefalea y alteración de la presión arterial, con riesgo de daño de la actividad cardíaca. La identificación de este síndrome suele ser confusa dada la similitud de los síntomas con otras afecciones. El diagnóstico debe realizarse en base a los síntomas y a los estudios por imágenes específicos. El tratamiento puede ser conservador y actuar simplemente sobre los síntomas, o bien, quirúrgico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el síndrome de Eagle y presentar tres casos clínicos con distintas manifestaciones.
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