Estrategias Diagnósticas y Modelos Experimentales para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Periodontales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62172/revfouba.n94.a265Palabras clave:
periodontitis experimental, ligadura, lipopolisacáridos, inoculación de bacteriasResumen
Las enfermedades periodontales (EP) constituyen patologías inflamatorias crónicas que afectan los tejidos de sostén del diente y pueden conducir a la pérdida dentaria si no se realiza el tratamiento adecuado. Aunque diversos factores inciden en su aparición, ciertas especies del biofilm bacteriano son reconocidas como el principal agente etiológico. Las bacterias activan respuestas inflamatorias que generan daño tisular, lo que resalta la importancia de comprender sus mecanismos patogénicos y explorar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. La elevada prevalencia de las EP ha motivado extensas investigaciones, tanto clínicas como experimentales, muchas de las cuales han empleado modelos in vivo e in vitro para reproducir la enfermedad. Estos modelos han sido esenciales para estudiar su etiología, progresión y relación con otras patologías. En las últimas décadas, los avances tecnológicos han enriquecido este campo, permitiendo un abordaje más preciso y multifacético. Esta revisión analiza los fundamentos y aplicaciones de los principales modelos experimentales utilizados en el estudio de la periodontitis, presentando investigaciones representativas y evaluando su relevancia en la investigación periodontal actual.
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