Curcumina: un Nutracéutico de Oro con Potencial Terapéutico para la Periodontitis. Revisión de la Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62172/revfouba.n96.a289Palabras clave:
curcumina, periodontitis, nutracéutico, cúrcuma, antioxidanteResumen
La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, multifactorial y altamente prevalente a nivel mundial, que afecta los tejidos de soporte del diente y puede llevar a la pérdida dental. En Argentina, estudios revelan que hasta un 97% de la población adulta presenta signos de enfermedad gingival. Frente a las limitaciones de los tratamientos convencionales, ha surgido un creciente interés en el uso de terapias complementarias como los nutracéuticos. La cúrcuma (Curcuma longa), utilizada tradicionalmente en la medicina ayurvédica y china, contiene curcumina, un polifenol con múltiples propiedades terapéuticas, entre ellas antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y antimicrobianas. La curcumina modula diversas rutas inflamatorias (como la del NF-κB) y reduce la producción de citoquinas proinflamatorias (como IL-1β, TNF-α), además de inhibir enzimas que degradan la matriz extracelular. También estimula la regeneración tisular al promover la actividad de fibroblastos y osteoblastos, favoreciendo la cicatrización periodontal. Distintos estudios han demostrado que su aplicación tópica en gel, enjuagues o apósitos puede mejorar parámetros clínicos como la profundidad de sondaje, el índice de placa y el sangrado gingival. Sin embargo, su baja biodisponibilidad oral es un desafío, lo que ha llevado al uso combinado con piperina para mejorar su absorción. Si bien los resultados son prometedores, se requieren más estudios clínicos controlados y de mayor escala para establecer protocolos estandarizados. La curcumina representa una alternativa terapéutica segura y accesible, especialmente útil como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la periodontitis, en contextos con recursos limitados o como complemento de la terapia convencional.
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